David The Great :: essays research papers

Creative Writing: A Hero Adventure David the great was a true hero, I will now tell you why, he went through all of the events that heroes go through such as a departure, initiation and return. He also was a national figure, he led the Romans to victory in war and was well known by all, and was also forced to leave his family in time of need knowing he may never return to see them. So here is the story of David the great. It all started when the Cyclops was released onto the earth from his underground cell and started to torment the world and was destroying city after city until David the great and his loyal army were called upon to stop him. But he was reluctant to leave, for he had just been married to his wife and were expecting a child, and knew he may never see his family ever again. But David knew he should go, for so many lives were at stack not only his own, the people of Rome were also at risk, the giant Cyclops was running wild through the city destroying anyone and anything in his path. So David left for Rome for he knew it was his mission to go and battle the Cyclops with his great army and save the Romans from certain doom. So he left with his army after the tough good bye for Rome. On his way to Rome, David stopped at the temple of Wisdom ,who was the god of knowledge, and asked him how to kill the Cyclops. Wisdom told David that the only way to k ill the Cyclops was to stab him in the eye so he could not see. So David left for Rome and when he and his army got to Rome they saw the destruction that the Cyclops had unleashed onto the city, the buildings were all torn down in heaps of rubble and fires had started in some parts of the city. So David and his army wasted no time and went for the Cyclops, but the Cyclops just picked up the men and ate them like they were little action figures. And then David was the only one left and he and the Cyclops froze for a second when there eyes met, so in all of his rage, the Cyclops picked up a vendor’s cart and hurled it like it was a small rock.

Animal Welfare

Nicole Stengel ENG 122-009 Lawless, Caprice 04/ 11/12 Thesis Confined animal feeding operations (CAFO’s) are more commonly known as factory farms in the United States and are this country’s primary source of animal food products. Mass production of meat in The U. S. has continued to increase industrialization of itself for over the course of a century. As technology within factory farms advances, efficiency increases; profit is the primary goal in mind for these industrial owners.In the 19th century, industrialization of CAFO’s thrived in efficiency and profits with new procedures that divide labor duties, cut expenses and decreased interaction between workers and livestock (Purcell, 61). The most primary difference between CAFO’s and local farming is that CAFO’s are corporately owned, confining hundreds of thousands of animals in small spaces at one time, reducing labor expenses and necessity for land ownership (An Encyclopedia of Issues). Local fa rms are more traditional having an appropriate ratio of livestock to workers.These livestock are less likely to suffer from neglect, abuse or unethical slaughter procedures. The tactics of meat production within CAFO’s such as the forklift and assembly lines, as well as controlled growth rates are least concerned with animal welfare and most concerned with profit as well as production efficiency. The establishers of this industry have been able to increase profits substantially by technological advancements as such devices and the use of growth hormones in livestock to obtain a fortune of income for themselves.Unfortunately, the fortune the establishers continue to earn is handed to them at a detrimental cost to three areas of importance: a) Animal Suffering b) Consumer Health c) Environmental Hazards Animal Suffering Slaughter processes are very brutal within CAFO’s and are usually long lasting in terms of suffering. CAFO livestock are exposed to neglect, abuse, physi cal mutilation and psychological trauma. Most livestock agriculture within CAFO’s are so closely compacted next to each other in tiny cages, they catch diseases from living in each other’s bodily wastes(In-text note).They live in sickly environmental conditions, they do not leave their cages and never see the light of day-except, perhaps when being transported to slaughter. One procedure that occurs prior to slaughter common in CAFO’s is known as, â€Å"stunning† where cows are shot by a metal bolt to the head. Hogs are stricken with an electrical jolt. This, in all is to shock the livestock subject unconscious. However, terrified cows and hogs who attempt inhibition of this process are often left partially, or even completely conscious.Nevertheless, meat production does not slow down at the sake of one subject. The subject will be preceded to slaughter regardless of whether it is conscious or not (Freeman, 66). Chickens, however, were exempted from the H umane Slaughter Act from the stunning process. Instead, they are paralyzed by the dragging of their heads along underwater pools with electrical charges. After they are paralyzed (and fully conscious), they are continued through the slaughter process on machinery that boils them alive and/or chops their heads off consecutively on a fast paced line (Freeman, 78).Calves are kept confined in small crates tied up by their limbs and necks to keep them from moving in order to keep their muscles premature and their meat tender. Meanwhile, their diets are maintained deficient in iron to keep the color of their skin pale. The harsh conditions exposed to calves are willfully condemned upon them by farm operators as a mechanism to obtain a specific taste in the meat. It is not surprising that when compared to all diseases that spread among livestock in CAFO’s, calves are the most susceptible to fatality. Calve deaths range from 15-20% in most â€Å"successful† factory farm operat ions.Other than iron deficiency and confinement, this fatality for calves is also caused by their stress of separation from their mothers (Mason 25). `CAFO’s also process animals are through â€Å"skinning machinery† at fast paces. (Purcell, 71). Regardless as to whether the animal is conscious or not, the fast paces of machinery such as this leaves no time between subjects for any concern for animal welfare. Costs to Public Health On a secondary note, mass production of meat is linked to the spread of salmonellosis and mad cow disease to consumers (Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics).It also contributes to a lack of resistance to antibiotic bacterial infections in consumers because factory farmed animals are fed high doses of antibiotics. Heart disease and stroke are also associated with diets high in meat intake (Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics), especially that of poor quality. Controlled growth rates by the use of hormones such as estrogen and testostero ne in livestock also play a role in public health hazards, in addition to mechanisms for profit and industrialization. The average U. S. citizen consumes 607 pounds of animal products yearly.Many nutritionists believe USDA Dietary Guideline Advisory Committee to be excessive in protein anyway (Mason, 113). Animal sources of protein are rich in cholesterol and polyunsaturated fat. Consider this, The United States is one of the most obese countries in the world. Our food guide pyramid is much different from other parts of the world with nutrition habits clinically proven to be more beneficial, such as the Mediterranean Diet. According to Andrea Cespedes in a comparison between the two pyramids, protein portions are much larger for a daily value recommendation on the USDA chart when compared to that of the Mediterranean’s. Nuts and seeds, as well as beans, are grouped with meats, poultry and fish. Nuts and seeds are not foundation foods for the USDA pyramid† (Cespedes). Fi sh are rich in polyunsaturated fat, an essential fatty acid to the body. It is not surprising that the USDA Food Pyramid puts a stronger emphasis on animal proteins than the Mediterranean Pyramid, requiring some of them to be served in school lunch programs-many USDA Reps are financially tied to the meat industry! In 1998, the USDA elected six representatives out of eleven onto the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Freeman, 98).These fattening meats infused with growth hormones (testosterone or estrogen) that are recommended for children may be a reasonable explanation for peculiar bra sizes and premature sweating in some young girls. Technological upgrades and new mechanisms of industrialization also play a large role in the CAFO costs to consumer health. Upgrades are used to cut expenses and to increase product quantities in order to increase profits for the industries. Purcell demonstrates a strong example of this concept. †¦Mechanization of slaughterhouse facilities, wh ich made killing a rapid, iecemeal, impersonal process. The knocker alone would confront live animals and quickly send them down the line as immobile carouses. Divided labor meant a series of discrete and relatively simple tasks for the largely unskilled and poorly paid immigrant workers (Purcell, 62). Procedures as such, indeed are the mechanisms that make the mass production of meat a multi-billion dollar industry accounting for unjust and dangerous working conditions for slaughterhouse workers and hazards to the health for consumers of these products. Costs to the EnvironmentOn a third note, CAFO’s inflict a variety of hazards to the environment. Animal waste is absorbed into the ground and distributes pollution to water. The consumption of electricity in CAFO’s is extremely demanding. Greenhouse gases that emit into the air from these establishments warm the earth deteriorating the atmosphere. According to the Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics, over 8 billion animals are slaughtered in CAFO’s every year. This generates 1. 4 billion tons of manure-which is 130 times more than humans produce in an equal time period.Excessive animal waste seeps into waters polluting living environments for fish and the water sources the public drinks from. Methane is a greenhouse gas more potent than carbon dioxide and is most commonly produced by farm animals (Brickman). Excessive emissions from gases as such heat the earth, destroying ecosystems and lead us in the direction of global warming. Fossil fuel is another leading cause of Global Warming (Campbell, 1239) and is released in excess from high energy usage of CAFO’s. Although J.Patrick Boyle, President and CEO of the American Meat Institute (AMI) assured Wayne Pacelle, President and CEO of the Humane Society of the United States (AHSUS), â€Å"The AMI is an ethically appropriate organization as the entire establishment is committed to the welfare of animals,† evidence provided by Pacelle supported that CAFO livestock are beaten and tortured to death (qtd in Clemmit. ) According to Pacelle, from his testimony before Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Agriculture in 2008, a staff member of the AHSUS had been andomly selected to investigate the Hallmark/Westland Meat Packing Co. in Southern California under-cover as a factory worker. Pacelle had not been surprised by the report he had received back from the investigator. He filmed workers ramming cows with the blades of a forklift, jabbing them in the eyes, applying painful electric shocks to sensitive areas, dragging them with chains pulled by heavy machinery and torturing them with a high pressure water hose to stimulate drowning, all in attempts to force crippled animals to walk to slaughter. Shortly after this investigation, AHSUS discovered, â€Å"Hallmark/Westland had been previously cited for mishandling animals. Incidents as such, accounting for animal abuse and suffering are common among CAFO†™s across the United States and it is clear the USDA and the AMI could strive for a higher quality conditions of life for livestock. The AMI is not concerned with life quality-only industrialization efficiency. The USDA does not hold regulatory requirements firm enough to regulate adequate life quality for livestock in CAFO’s. J.Patrick Boyle of the AMI claims, â€Å"The AMI seek not only to meet the regulatory requirements but to exceed them† (Qtd. in Clemmitt)). Unfortunately, USDA does not regulate frequently enough to ensure such a deal. Most commonly, the USDA is aware of animal suffering and inadequate living conditions provided for them. The AHSUS investigator reported that, during his undercover investigation, an agent from the USDA visited the establishment. He claimed, â€Å"the agent was present twice daily in the living area-which he merely noted animals who could not stand yet approved the rest for slaughter. It may have been appropriate for the USDA re presentative to investigate these animals in greater depth after the sighting of sick and injured livestock. It is clear that the responsibility for animal welfare should not be left in hands of the AMI or the USDA-their standards for animal welfare are not adequate enough. The AMI has far too many animals to care-take each one individually and the USDA is not present frequently enough to regulate already low standards.After all, the primary responsibility of the USDA is food, not animal welfare. Livestock agriculture is in dire need of regulatory welfare requirements that will protect their well being adequately instead of minimally. In addition, it also needs inspectors who will enforce these regulations firmly as the AMI is solely in the business for the sake of profit; not animal welfare. As of now, regulatory inspections of CAFO’s are not performed with the carefulness necessary to ensure a quality way of life for livestock. J.Patrick Boyle of the AMI stands that the mea t industry provides adequate living for livestock and there is no need for additional welfare standards within CAFO’s. Proven numerous times, requirements are often not met and regulators are dis-concerned with the matter. Something more must be done to increase animal welfare requirements for livestock agriculture. Conclusion Establishers of CAFO’s are only concerned with industrialization and profit; their livestock is abused, neglected and they suffer slow, painful deaths.Livestock growth control is another method of industrialization, deigned for profit at the cost of health for animals and consumers. CAFO’s exhibit severe environmental hazards such as global warming from greenhouse gases and pollution from animal use in addition to excess animal waste. Low quality meat-a product of mass production spreads diseases. It is the responsibility of USDA affiliates to regulate these conditions. However, this responsibility should be taken far more seriously by inc rease of welfare requirements and inspections that are performed more frequently as well as efficiently.

Twilight Los Angeles, 1992, By Anna Deavere Smith Essay

Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992, is a one-woman performance piece written and originally performed by Anna Deavere Smith, who was commissioned to transcribe regarding the 1992 Los Angeles riots corresponding with individual’s experiences, outlooks, and concerns that contributed to those who were exacerbated by the abominable and nerve racking riots. For her production, Smith interviewed hundreds of Los Angeles’ residents who were present during the occurrence of the riot. The entire script consists actual quotations from members of the Los Angeles community and their reflection on their personal experience being surrounded in the midlife crisis atmosphere. She applied Smith strived to maintain capturing an extensive range of perspectives of the situation by interviewing several individuals from various ethnicities, financial backgrounds to different occupations for instance, Koreans, Latinos, Whites, Blacks, poor and rich people, police officers and gang members. As a resul t of her contribution, she received positive feedback for her own work. The composed piece is combined with historical research to provide a significant examination of the underlying cause of the devastating riot. The play, Twilight: Los Angeles 1992, provides assistance to illuminate speculations and emotions of numerous diverse viewpoints behind the horrendous racial tensions, the perceived police brutality, and the absence of leadership, which is desperately needed for restoration. Starting at the originShow MoreRelated Twilight : Los Angeles, 1992, By Anna Deavere Smith1817 Words   |  8 PagesIn Anna Deavere Smith’s â€Å"Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992† there are a lot of characters who have different thoughts of what happened and why it happened. The LA uprisings happened after the video of a black young man being severely beaten by four white policemen was released to the media for everyone to see. During the uprisings people were getting shot by stray bullets and businesses were being destroyed, especially Korean stores. It was said to be one of the worst riots in U.S. history. Elaine YoungRead MoreRacism And Personal Identity By Anna Deavere Smith1595 Words   |  7 Pagesevidenced in the plays; Fires in the Mirror and Twilight: Los Angeles in various instances. In the two plays, offensive and aggressive behaviors are demonstrated to members of another race stemming from racism and the inferior belief of skin color. The issues of racial discrimination happen in the two plays, and some people are treated less fairly than others similar situation just because of their race, color, and ethnic origin. Anna Deavere Smith uses the play Fires in the Mirror to show the audiencesRead MoreThe Act Of Killing By Joshua Oppenheimer1497 Words   |  6 Pagesbackground. Conversely, in the play, Twilight: Los Angeles 1992, Anna Deavere Smith, an actress and play writer, reenacts the unfortunate incident of the 1992 distressing urban riots by establishing a combination of historical research to deliver a significant analysis of the underlying motives. The Act of Killing, directed by Joshua Oppenheimer, exposes the horrific Indonesian massacre of accused communists through recreation. Both films, Twilight: Los Angeles 1992 and The Act of Killing analyzes moreRead MoreReview Of Anna Deavere Smith s Twilight Essay2407 Words   |  10 PagesMay of 1992, actress and playwright Anna Deavere Smith was commissioned to write a one-woman performance piece about the experiences, feelings, and tensions that contributed to and were exacerbated by the 1992 Los Angeles riots.[1] For her work, Smith inter viewed over 200 residents of Los Angeles during the time of the riot. Her script consists entirely of the actual words of members of the Los Angeles community as they reflect on their experiences surrounding the Los Angeles riots. As Smith describedRead MoreChaos Of Los Angeles Riots / Civil Disturbance1482 Words   |  6 PagesNancy Raya Professor Jones English 1A 23, September 2016 Chaos in Los Angeles Many people believe the cause of the 1992 Los Angeles riots/civil disturbance was due to the acquittal of four LAPD officers who had been charged with the use of excessive force in the videotaped arrest and beating of Rodney King, following a high-speed police chase. Many believed the verdict was unjust, that in fact excessive force was used in the arrest. As a result, many feel this injustice caused the riots. Read MoreAnimal Dreams By Barbara Kingsolver By Anna Deavere Smith1500 Words   |  6 Pagesreverence for the natural environment, and Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992, about the Los Angeles Riots of 1992, by Anna Deavere Smith, present different sides of human behavior. Animal Dreams is a novel about Codi, a woman who returns to her hometown and helps the townsfolk protest peacefully against a mine that damages their water supply. The preservation of nature and the ability to make a difference by protesting peacefully are major themes in the novel. Twilight is a play that cons ists of edited interviewRead MoreJustice Is One Of The Most Important Moral And Political Concepts898 Words   |  4 Pagesjustice. In Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992 by Anna Deavere Smith we see an example of injustice through the Rodney King case and the shooting of Latasha Harlins. Rodney King and Latasha Harlins experienced racial injustice, which can be defined as the denial of rights based on an individual’s race or racial background. Both two victims were mistreated for the color of their skin and were stripped from their equal rights and opportunities. In Los Angeles, California, four Los Angeles police officersRead MoreThe Los Angeles Riots Essays2164 Words   |  9 PagesThe Los Angeles Riots Though sparked by the Rodney King verdict, there were many other causes of the riots that erupted on the streets of Los Angeles on April 29, 1992. The Los Angeles riots in 1992 were devastating. The obvious issue portrayed through the media was black versus white. If you did not live in Los Angeles or California chances are you did not hear full coverage of the story, you heard a simple cut and dry portrayal of the events in South Central. If you heard one thing about theRead MorePolice Brutality And The Riot1130 Words   |  5 PagesDuring 1992 in South Central Los Angeles, a riot started after the news of four white Los Angeles police officers beating Rodney King was published on TV. It became daily news. The riot caused many crimes to occur; participants of the riot burned down business stores, destroyed properties, and some activities involved guns that have led to many deaths. Many South Central residents were unsatisfied with police brutality and the way their community were being treated. Although the riot only lastedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Eyes Of The Sky 951 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Sky In May of 1992, famous play director Gordon Davidson approached Anna Deavere Smith to put on a theater production based on the Los Angeles riots. The play premiered one year after the incident occurred and was named â€Å"Twilight: Los Angeles, 1992†, after an ex-gang member who left a lasting impression on Smith with his views on racial barriers. â€Å"Twilight’s recognition that we must reach across ethnic boundaries is simple but true.† (Smith xxvi). Smith interviewed hundreds of people

Dictionary Definition and Examples

A dictionary is a reference book or online resource containing an alphabetical list of words, with the information given for each word. Etymology:Â  From the Latin, to say Examples and Observations S.I. HayakawaThe writing of a dictionary . . . is not a task of setting up authoritative statements about the true meanings of words, but a task of recording, to the best of ones ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. The writer of a dictionary is a historian, not a lawgiver. If, for example, we had been writing a dictionary in 1890, or even as late as 1919, we could have said that the word broadcast means to scatter (seed, for example), but we could not have decreed that from 1921 on, the most common meaning of the word should become to disseminate audible messages, etc., by radio transmission. To regard the dictionary as an authority, therefore, is to credit the dictionary writer with gifts of prophecy which neither he nor anyone else possesses. In choosing our words when we speak or write, we can be guided by the historical record afforded us by the dictionary, but we cannot be bound by it. Looking under a hood, we should ordinarily hav e found, five hundred years ago, a monk; today, we find a motorcar engine.Stephen FryeA dictionary is an observatory, not a conservatory.R.L. Trask[T]he familiar notion that a word of English exists only if it is in the dictionary is false. A word exists if people use it. But that word may fail to appear in a particular dictionary published at a particular time because it is too new, or too specialized, or too localized, or too much confined to a particular social group to make it into that edition of the dictionary.Thomas JeffersonDictionaries are but the depositories of words already legitimated by usage. Society is the work-shop in which new ones are elaborated. The First English Dictionary David WolmanMany people mistakenly credit [Samuel] Johnson with writing the first English dictionary. That achievement belongs to a man named Cawdrey, who, 150 years before Johnson, published A Table Aphabetical. It was only 144 pages and defined some 2,500 dificult words; the rest people were just supposed to know. With its emphasis on boosting vocabulary, Cawdreys book is a lot like modern-day titles that help you pump up your word aresenal before attacking the SAT or waging war in the corporate world. Dictionaries and Usage Steven PinkerAlthough dictionaries are powerless to prevent linguistic conventions from changing, this does not mean . . . that they cannot state the conventions in force at a given time. That is the rationale behind the American Heritage Dictionary’s Usage Panel--which I chair--a list of 200 authors, journalists, editors, academics, and other public figures whose writing shows that they choose their words with care. Every year they fill out questionnaires on pronunciation, meaning, and usage, and the Dictionary reports the results in Usage Notes attached to entries for problematic words, including changes in repeated ballotings over the decades. The Usage Panel is meant to represent the virtual community for whom careful writers write, and when it comes to best practices in usage, there can be no higher authority than that community. The Limitations of Dictionaries Keith Denning[E]ven the largest dictionaries cant capture every possible word in the language. The number of possible word combinations of word elements like pre-, pter, and scope and the innumerable amount of speaking and writing done in English require that dictionary editors restrict themselves to listing only the most frequent words in a language, and even then, only those used over a substantial period of time. Dictionaries are therefore always at least slightly out of date and inaccurate in their descriptions of the languages stock of words. In addition, the use of many words is restricted to specific domains. For example, medical terminology involves a tremendous number of words unfamiliar to those outside the medical community. Many of these terms never enter general dictionaries of the language and can only be found in specialized medical dictionaries.David Skinner[M]y recent affair with lexicography has left me certain of a couple of things.One is that no dictionary contain s every word in the language. Even an unabridged dictionary is, well, abridged. The sciences, medicine and technology generate gobs of words that never make it into a dictionary; numerous foreign words that appear in English-language contexts are left out. A great many words are invented all the time, whether for commercial reasons or to amuse one’s friends or to insult one’s enemies, and then they simply vanish from the record.Another is that dictionary users and dictionary makers sometimes have very different notions of what a dictionary is for. One may think of it as a legal code for language; the other considers it a very partial report. One wants unambiguous answers about spelling and meaning and grammar and usage; the other aims for neutrality, and the more serious he or she is, the more wary the person is of imposing his or her own notions of good English on the language itself.​ Advantages of Online Dictionaries R.L.G.Macmillan, a publishing company, has announced that it will no longer print dictionaries. And yet it has announced this with a tone not of sadness, but excitement: exiting print is a moment of liberation, because at last our dictionaries have found their ideal medium. Michael Rundell, the editor-in-chief, makes a compelling case. Updating the print edition takes five years, while new words are constantly entering the language, and existing words are finding new meanings. Space constraints limit the dictionarys actual value.And the points in favor of electronic dictionaries are even more compelling than the case against printed ones. Hyperlinks allow for quick learning about related items. Audio pronunciations beat out transcriptions in obscure formats. Photos and even videos are a snap to include. Blogs and other meta-content enrich the experience. Electronic data storage has already revolutionised lexicography. Huge searchable corpora of text allow dictionary-makers to find ea rlier and rarer words and usages than ever before. To have vast, rich and growing data going into the dictionary, and a bound and static product coming out, seems absurd. The Lighter Side of Dictionaries Dave BerryIf you have a big enough dictionary, just about everything is a word.Ogden NashSeated one day at the dictionary I was pretty weary and also pretty ill at ease,Because a word I had always liked turned out not to be a word at all, and suddenly I found myself among the vs.And suddenly among the vs I came across a new word which was a word called velleity,So the new word I found was better than the old word I lost, for which I thank my tutelary deity . . .. Pronunciation: DIK-shun-air-ee

Essay On Shakespeare s Beowulf And Anglo Saxon Society

Role of Women in Beowulf and Anglo-Saxon Society Beowulf, the hero of Anglo-Saxon epic, had many adventures, and many companions and fellow-warriors are mentioned throughout his story. Some of them seem noble and courageous, truly living up to the standards of their culture; some seem cowardly. But all have gained immortality in the words, many times transcribed and translated, of the famous epic. However, the women of the time are rarely mentioned in Beowulf. Still, even from those few women who are mentioned and from other documents of the era, it is possible to see the position of women in of Anglo-Saxon society. In many cases, they enjoyed more rights than women in later Medieval cultures. Both Wealhtheow, Hrothgar s queen,†¦show more content†¦Another indication of the power wielded by queens is the respect accorded to Hygd. She is beautiful, wise and young. Beowulf gives her the necklace that Wealhtheow had given him as well as three horses. That may have been a gesture meant to win her support within the court. Page states that the queen or noble lady of real life must often have acted a diplomatic part like this [Wealhtheow s requests], and have been a force to reckon with, and that the diplomatic marriage , linking nations or great families, was common...and the daughter of a royal house must often have been used to heal enmity between peoples or to cement friendship. However, those diplomatic marriages were not always successful. Freawaru s marriage fails to heal the enmity between the Danes and the Heathobards, as does the marriage of the princess Hildburh, whose tale is told by the scop at Hrothgar s banquet. Still, at least by the eleventh century, the bride had to agree to the marriage for it to be lawful (Gies 106). Most likely, that provision was in effect earlier, even if it was not spelled out in law. Further legal rights of Anglo-Saxon women included the right to own property. (Beowulf gives the necklace and horses to Hygd, specifically, and other gifts to Hygelac.) They could inherit property from husbands, brothers, sisters, children parents and other relations. In fact, men were required by law to provide for their widows in their wills, and surviving wills show noShow MoreRelatedAmerican Literature11652 Words   |  47 PagesChristian utopia Genre/Style: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · sermons, diaries personal narratives captivity narratives jeremiads written in plain style Effect: ï‚ · ï‚ · instructive reinforces authority of the Bible and church Historical Context: ï‚ · ï‚ · a person s fate is determined by God all people are corrupt and must be saved by Christ Rationalism / Age of Enlightenment period of American Literature - 1750-1800 Content: ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · ï‚ · national mission and American character democratic utopia use of reasonRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pageschildren’s literature is a constant battle of dulcis et utile (or, pleasure and instruction) and (2) children’s literature is a site of multiplicity and intertextuality that absorbs and assimilates anything it likes. 2. Early History In order for a society to produce a substantial body of childrens literature it must recognize the existence of children as an important and distinctive category of readers with separate needs and interests. Despite Philippe Arià ¨ss much debated assertion that childhood

Security Issues in Software Defined Networks - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSecurity Issues in Software Defined Networks. Answer: Introduction The rise of SDN has started critical enthusiasm for re-examining the established ways to deal with system engineering as well as design. The SDN is an idea, which is totally to break the customary networks or systems where the switches chooses the activities to do. The Software Defined Networking makes it conceivable to deal with an in-place network in the software, by composing programs that change the network exercises to run well with particular applications and conditions. The SDN software engineers manage a few intricacies identified with two-layered design, low level functions and occasion reordering . Security Issues or challenges in Software Defined Networks The integrity and security of SDN stay problematic, especially with the controller that is a solitary purpose of disappointment. The security should be everywhere within the SDN. As indicated by Bindra, the SDN security should be incorporated with the engineering, and additionally be conveyed to the administration to ensure the accessibility, honesty, and protection of every single associated asset along with the information (Bindra, Sood, 2016). Beyond the design itself, how the safety of SDN ought to be sent, overseen, and controlled in the SDN situation is still particularly up for snatches. There are contending approaches that some trust security is appropriately installed in the system, while others believe that it is appropriately implanted in servers, stockpiling and other registering gadgets. In any case, the arrangements are intended to make a situation that is more adaptable, effective, and secure (Benzekki, El Fergougui, Elbelrhiti Elalaoui, 2016). Another class is devel oping for the safety security inside the cutting bound conditions called SDSec, which conveys to organize the security authorization by isolating the safety control level from the safety preparing as well as sending planes, like the manner SDN concrete the network control level from the causing level. The outcome is a dynamic appropriated framework that virtualizes the system security requirement work, scales similar to virtual machines as well as overseen like a solitary, coherent system. The safety or security challenges for SDN vary in a few regards from those of the traditional networks because of the particular system execution as well as SDN's inalienable control as well as programmability attributes. For example, the idea of consistently brought together control may uncover a progression of high-esteem advantages for attackers or hackers while the capability to straightforwardly get the access to the control plane outcomes in another assault surface. And for SDN, numerous vul nerability investigations have been executed and a few of these attentions are implemented on OpenFlow convention (Channegowda, Nejabati, Simeonidou, 2013). According to Duan, the Software Defined Networking group is extremely mindful of the issue (Duan, Ansari, Toy, 2016). The Open Networking Center, steward, has distributed a paper in the 2016 that distinguished the two possible SDN security challenges or issues, or roads of conceivable attackers that the organization must address. The focused controller is the "Expected single intention of assault as well as the failure of the network. The Southbound user interface, for instance, OpenFlow among the information-sending gadgets and controller are helpless against the dangers that could debase the accessibility, execution and honesty of the whole network (Cui, Yu, Yan, 2016). As indicated by Khondoker, the first thing which comes from customers about the SDN is that they see security challenges in the SDN as an inhibitor to the SDN (Dayal, Maity, Srivastava, Khondoker, 2016). The Software Defined Networking controller is the prime focus for programmers since it is both, an essential i ssue of consequence in the network as well as the potential main issue for the failure of the network. I believe that my posts have completely contributed to help the readers to get knowledge about the challenges of the SDN as well as I also find the summary presented by all the selected peer reviews accurate. Based on the unique SDN security challenges, this document add the SDN security principles, safety requirements for the ONF protocols, as well as the security analysis of the Software Defined Networking. There are large number of chances for the aggressor to roll out the amend to the whole supporting of the network activity conduct just by altering the controller (Farshin, Sharifian, 2017). Indeed, even conventional network administration instruments do not give the ability to progressively change the whole conduct of the network on the hub to hub basis. The Program-ability of the Software Defined Networking controllers demonstrate a twofold edged sword. The designers introduce safety applications on a entire controller's northbound user interface to create amended approaches to utilize security strategies on the network. Those concerns train the SDN controller to apply the switches and switches that it manage as a strategy execution focuses. Nonetheless, that programmable northward interface is in addition a potential imperfection. Those applications might reconstruct the system through the controller. Programmers can trap the engineers to introduce bargained applications. With adequate learning about the cordial applications moving on the SDN controller, the programmer could make the system accomplish something totally unforeseen by the system supervisor just by delivering a precisely created bundle flow to the network (LIN, WANG, 2016). One important issue that is not addressed properly in this discussion is that the assailants can focus on a network component from inside the whole network itself. An aggressor could hypothetically increase the unapproved physical and virtual access to the user network and trade off a host which is as of now associated with the SDN and afterwards attempt to perform the assaults to destabilize the components of the network. This could be a kind of DoS assault or it could be a sort of fluffing assault for attempting to assault the network elements. The Centralized Control is the other issue which is not adequately mentioned in the peers. The Centralized control or coherently brought together control has uncovered a high-esteem advantage for assailants (Muciaccia, Passaro, 2017). The assailants may endeavor to control the elementary network performance and even control or manage the whole network by deceiving or trading off a SDN controller. This is particularly from a bigger number of self-sufficient resources in a totally dispersed control domain. On the other hand, the Provability is the other issue which is also one of the biggest challenges in the SDN. This new plan of action presents the prerequisites that don't exist in the shut managerial spaces as far as securing framework honesty, outsider information and open interfaces. An aggressor could likewise use these conventions and endeavor to instantiate new streams into the gadget's stream table (Sha, He, Fu, Sun, Li, 2015). This challenge is essential, because as SDN develops, it guarantees its clear nimbleness. The correspondence specialist co-ops alike possess the capacity to essentially quicken an opportunity to convey the new applications and administration as an immediate consequence of programming characterized innovation. From a framework observing point of view, it likewise makes the connection of execution occasions, simpler and pleasing the fast on-request growth. The inescapable uptick popular f or the new procedure, network and capacity in programming characterized framework represents a hazard for checking the stages. These arrangements must have the capacity to add observing ability to suit the fast development of the framework. In case that they can't include extra limit requests, they can rapidly end up noticeably over-subscribed, making the execution imperturbability gaps. Unlike the heritage foundation in the SDN world, the users can have a different overlay topology running on top of the sensual network. According to Smelyansky, the SDN challenges put several impacts on the real life (Smelyansky, 2017). For example, in case if some employees in an organization are not focusing, it really turns into the phenomenally very high-benefit centering point for the hacker, who might be very easily trade off, change some of the users code base as well as re-script the control of the activity such that the employees ex-filtrating the information as well as reserving the information at some place where an aggressor can completely sniff it," said Smelyansky, the security expert of Voodoo and a leading employee at IANS (Smelyansky, 2017). The controller is the basic assault target as well as in this manner, it must be fully solidified. Solidifying safety standards of the entire controller along with system the system constituent normally comes down so that they host the OS solidifying. Each and every prescribed activity for solidifying the OCL servers are suitable here. Still, many associations wi ll demand to nearly control or monitor controllers in the organization for any type of suspicious activities. The associations similarly need to avert the disapproved access to the Software Defined Networking control networks (Yan, Zhang, Vasilakos, 2015). The Software Defined Networking framework ought to take into account the design of secure and validated head access to the controller. Reflection and Conclusion After this study, I have gained a lot of knowledge about the SDN challenges. It has been reflected in this study that over the recent years, the Software Defined Networking has created from only a thought to a worldview that the expansive networks administration sellers are grasping as well as taking their models for the future venture arrange administration. This innovation includes more noteworthy granularity, elements and the ability to reason the networking administration, yet raising different worries that ought to be seen from a safety point of view. With the creative new innovation comes the security worries that could without much of a stretch could go ignored. How about we investigate a couple of security-related issues to know about while executing the Software Defined Networking. The larger part of the programming characterizes and organizes the security concerns advance around the controller itself. The controller can be viewed as the brains of the exchanging or steering, which permits the control board from every framework to be halfway overseen. In any case, by giving the Software Defined Networking controller brought together an administration over system hubs to push down changes to these frameworks, it winds up noticeably basic that the security around this framework is secured. References Benzekki, K., El Fergougui, A., Elbelrhiti Elalaoui, A. (2016). Software-defined networking (SDN): a survey.Security And Communication Networks,9(18), 5803-5833. Bindra, N., Sood, M. (2016). Is SDN the Real Solution to Security Threats in Networks? A Security Update on Various SDN Models.Indian Journal Of Science And Technology,9(32). Channegowda, M., Nejabati, R., Simeonidou, D. (2013). Software-Defined Optical Networks Technology and Infrastructure: Enabling Software-Defined Optical Network Operations [Invited].Journal Of Optical Communications And Networking,5(10), A274. Cui, L., Yu, F., Yan, Q. (2016). When big data meets software-defined networking: SDN for big data and big data for SDN.IEEE Network,30(1), 58-65. Dayal, N., Maity, P., Srivastava, S., Khondoker, R. (2016). Research Trends in Security and DDoS in SDN.Security And Communication Networks,9(18), 6386-6411. Duan, Q., Ansari, N., Toy, M. (2016). Software-defined network virtualization: an architectural framework for integrating SDN and NFV for service provisioning in future networks.IEEE Network,30(5), 10-16. Farshin, A., Sharifian, S. (2017). MAP-SDN: a metaheuristic assignment and provisioning SDN framework for cloud datacenters.The Journal Of Supercomputing. Lin, H., Wang, P. (2016). Implementation of an SDN-based Security Defense Mechanism Against DDoS Attacks.Destech Transactions On Economics And Management, (iceme-ebm). Muciaccia, T., Passaro, V. (2017). Future Scenarios for Software-Defined Metro and Access Networks and Software-Defined Photonics.Photonics,4(1), 1. Sha, L., He, L., Fu, J., Sun, J., Li, P. (2015). SDN-based Sensitive Information (SI) protection: sensitivity-degree measurement in software and data lifetime supervisor in software defined network.Security And Communication Networks, n/a-n/a. Smelyansky, T. (2017). Tranistion to SDN: Background, Approaches, prospects.Lastmile, (2), 54-61. Yan, Z., Zhang, P., Vasilakos, A. (2015). A security and trust framework for virtualized networks and software-defined networking.Security And Communication Networks,9(16), 3059-3069.

Levendary Cafe the China Challenge free essay sample

Levendary main issue is not entering Chains market but whether such decision is a right decision and if do so how to survive in such aggressively competitive market, to which extent the management have a detailed plan about and control over the penetration in the new market, adequate information about the culture and a proper communication with the management in china. When Levendary entered China they gave Chen the full control over the operations there, although a well-developed detailed plan and a clear tactic of how to implement this plan is a must. However it is clearly this is not the case whereas everything had been handed to Chen from A to Z. The chain of Levendary Cafe in USA are run by a strict set of rules and allowing modifications only after approval from the concept group regarding the â€Å"look and feel† of the firm. The Levendary Cafe in China is following a business model which is completely different from that of the US operation model. We will write a custom essay sample on Levendary Cafe : the China Challenge or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chen wanted this cafe to adapt to the changing tastes of people from place to place. However he has no clear strategy or reasonable clarification for some actions such as locating some cafes in suburbs or in rural areas although there is so much room for expansion in the huge urban markets or turning some cafes into counter-only. And this might be because the philosophy and operations of Levendary have not been communicated clearly to Chen from the beginning and there was no control for 18 months that Chen worked during without referring to the US management. The culture differences between US and China is another major issue that should be understood by Headquarter in US. Customers in China are different from those in US in term of their habits and food preferences. Chen was smart by being flexible when entered Chinese market because there are some features that could not be transferred easily into such closed community nevertheless killed the identity of Levendary and turned it to a completely different restaurant while trying to adopt to the new culture. He could have been using the differences as a competitive advantage and differentiate the restaurant among other rivals. For example, serving organic fresh food which is strength of Levendary would be valued by Chinese consumers who look for fresh food and have concerns about it or the personalized services that Levendary is well-known for and Chinese restaurants lack for. Another issue is the lack of experience with the international market. Levendary headquarter should be aware of the international operations and the problem associated with and how to fit in and gain a strong position in such market. They should have more control over the financial reports to follow one reporting style that is consist with the accepted principles. Chen has no excuse for not following the GAAP in the financial reports he submitted which should be taken into consideration and corrected immediately. Question 2: What changes (if any) should Mia Foster make? Specifically, what should she do about Louis Chen? And what changes (if any) would you propose at headquarters? The changes should be made to the operation In China, the relationship with Chen and to the headquarters. Levendary cafe in china should not be completely different from that of US yet the flexibility is a must to survive in China. Foster should cooperate with Chen to find the proper way to adopt the Chinese culture and style in term of the menu choices yet they have to capitalize on what they are good in and use it as a competitive advantage such as the personalized services and the fresh organic food. They need to be differentiated to be considered by the Chinese customers. The stores should be located according to a strategic plan rather than opportunistic ones. Urban arias are the best choice for Levendary. Finally, a plane for the operation should be put and controlled. Regarding the relationship with Chen, a meeting with Chen, Foster and the concept team must be held. Foster who is a good communicator should make everything clear to Chen and let him know to which extent his changes are acceptable and to emphasize on the identity of Levendary and the image that they want consumers to have. Another important issue is that Chen has to conform to the companys planning and reporting processes and work in light of the corporate strategy. Foster should discard the option of firing him since he has many qualities like the Chinese language, the connections in China and also he is willing and eager to make this work and also, it is hard to find a replacement. Since she is known for her frank communication style, she should use that with him and give Chen notice that his opportunity for contract renewal may be in jeopardy if Chen cannot work together with Foster and her management team to resolve all the problems The headquarters should cooperate more with Chen and closely monitor the operation in China by having periodic reports to correct any deviation from the plan. They have to give the needed support to have the financial reports in accordance with GAAP and to give the training if needed for the staff in China. Question 3: Prepare a specific action program for Foster to her deal with the need for continued growth in China. What should be on the agenda for her meeting with Chen? What should be on the agenda is: 1. The marketing strategy: Foster should discuss a plan to deliver a clear, consistent, and compelling message about Levendary cafe and create both physical and perceptual differences that can be perceived by consumer in China that is consistent with the corporate strategy of the mother company. Chen should be part of this to have commitment and responsibility to it and due to his experience in the Chinese market. 2. The financial reports style: Foster should force Levendary China to follow the mother companys reporting style and show that any deviation is not acceptable. Chinas finance team Chen are responsible for that and headquarters are responsible for providing any needed support or training. 3. The cost and revenue: : a specialized team should invistigate why the composition of expenses of China operations is quite different than U. S. operations and find way to cut costs and increase revenue. Chen has to have a plan of how to reach the break-even point within 9 months (by the end of Chens Contract). 4. Control over Chinas operations: Foster should schedule for periodic audit and visit for Levendary China and define the responsibility of Chen and the extent to which he must not take decision without getting the approval from US. Because it seems that the proper communication is missing. Question 4: What global issues are addressed in the case? Identify them and discuss them in depth Some of the global issues highlighted by the case are the culture differences, the communication with the subsidiary and the financial considerations. Culture Differences: There are difference between the Chinese culture and the American culture. Some differences include the fact that in China people go to eat at a restaurant and quickly leave they don’t sit around whereas in the States going to a restaurant is a socializing experience. This is the reason the development in China of the cafe’s is structured differently to those in the USA. The preferred food is different too such as he cheese that is not liked by Chinese. There seems to be a missing link between the two cultures that is not being understood by headquarters who must adapt to Chinese culture in order to survive and find the fine line between introducing the American tastes and values to the Chinese market and responding to the local taste. Communication: The second aspect is the barriers that exist with communication. Headquarters did not do anything to support the business structure in China. Chen feels that they are not recognizing his effort when Foster talked to him about her concern. Lack of proper communication led to such situation where Chen did everything without referring to US Levendary which is considered by Foster as dramatic departures from Levendary’s U. S. concept. A clear communication rules would prevent such problems. Financial consideration: The subsidiary company should not have a different reporting style from the mother company. Having a uniform style is must. It s important that Foster and the home-based Finance Department take a hard look at the numbers from the Chinese operations and investigate the unreasonable cost figures. It is important to have a experience of the Chinese market which is considered one of the cheapest for the paper for example but the financial statement of Levendary China shows a dramatic number as well as for the occupancy cost. Question 5: What are Louis Chen’s qualities as a global leader? Discuss them in li ght of China and the US. †¢He had MBA from Stanford University. He is Bilingual in English and Mandarin Chinese. He was familiar with the neighborhoods in Shanghai and Beijing since he had long experience as a retail property developer, so he knew the impact of store location on profitability. He had strong connections with many real estate agents in China which helped him to locate in prime sites at fair price. He had entrepreneurial spirit to work in the restaurant industry with no experience in this sector, and he was confident that Levendary will success in the Chinese market. His go-getter (an aggressively enterprising person) that developed to become a local baron which might be a professional manager if trained well.